Monday, April 25th:
1st Period and 3rd Period:
Your five bibliography cards were due on Friday, April 22nd.
If you have not turned in your five bibliography cards yet, please do so
immediately.
Your fifteen note cards are due today. If you have not
turned in your fifteen note cards yet, please make plans to finish them and
turn them in today.
DO NOT START YOUR RESEARCH PAPER UNTIL YOU HAVE FINISHED
YOUR NOTE CARDS!
If you have any questions, you can also go to:
Hollywoodhighschool.net
Library
Symboloo
Or
Your first draft will be due on Wednesday, April 27th.
The Organization of the Research Paper
The first page of your paper should have your name, my name,
class period, and the date (day, three letter abbreviation of the month, and
the year) in the upper left side of
the paper.
The title should be capitalized and in the middle of the
first page.
The first paragraph should contain the topic sentence, which
tells the reader what the research paper is about. The first paragraph should
also contain a very brief, one sentence statement about each area of the
subject the research paper will cover. The final sentence in your research
paper should provide a transition to the next paragraph.
(DO NOT WRITE “MY RESEARCH PAPER IS ABOUT…..” )
The second paragraph should discuss the origins of the god,
the hero, the legend, or the myth. The second paragraph should include either a
quotation (which must be cited) or your paraphrase of the quotation (which must
be cited) to demonstrate where you got this information. Every piece of information you write
about your subject should be cited.
(Please make sure you do use more than one source for your
citations. You should have at least five bibliographic sources, so please use
all five of your bibliographic sources.)
The next section of your research paper should be about the
family, friends, allies, or enemies of the god, the hero, or the major players
in the myth or legends. Again, make sure you cite your sources. There must be
at least three pieces of information per paragraph, and there must be citations
for each piece of information per paragraph.
The next section of your research paper should be about the
area of power of the god, or a story demonstrating some aspect of the hero, or
legend, or myth. Again, make sure you cite your sources. There must be at least
three pieces of information per paragraph, and there must be citations for each
piece of information per paragraph.
The next section of your research paper should be about a
story or myth surrounding the god
or hero or legend. If you are
writing about Hercules, you might want to include the Twelve Labours of
Hercules. If you are writing about Artemis, you may want to include the myth
about her birth. There must be at least three pieces of information per
paragraph, and citations for each piece of information per paragraph.
The next section of your research paper should be on another
story or myth surrounding the god or hero or legend, which shows her/his power
or area of influence or explains why she holds power in that area. For example,
Diana was the goddess of midwives because in some legends she was born before
Apollo, her twin brother, and assisted her mother Leto in his birth.
The next section of your research paper should be about the
importance or significance of your god, hero, legend, or myth. For example, if
you are writing about Narcissus, you might want to explore the fact that his
name has been given to a personality disorder, the “narcissistic personality
disorder”, which describes someone who is self obsessed with power, prestige,
and beauty. This perfectly
describes the beautiful youth Narcissus, who was punished for his selfish
obsessions by the gods.
The final concluding paragraph should include one brief
sentence about each area you discussed in your research paper. There should be
no new or additional information introduced in the paper. The final sentence
should be a brief overview of the importance of the god, hero, legend, or myth
to the ancient Greeks and to people of today.
Structure of the Paragraph
Introductory Paragraph
Topic sentence (what your research paper is about)
A sentence devoted to each of the following areas of your research
paper:
1. the
origins of the god, the hero, the myth, or the legend
2. the
family of the god, the hero, or the people involved in the myth
3. the
area of power of the god, the hero, or the people involved in the myth
4. the
stories which demonstrate the power or influence of the god or hero
5. the
importance of the god, the hero, the myth, the legend
A
concluding sentence which leads to the next paragraph
Body
paragraphs:
A
mini-topic sentence, which alerts the reader to the topic of the paragraph
Development
of the topic
Information
about the topic
Your
paraphrase of a quotation from a reliable source to support your information
Citation,
which shows where you got the information and will prevent you from being
accused of plagiarism!!!
More
information about the topic
Your
paraphrase of a quotation from a reliable source to support your information
Citation,
which shows where you got the information and will prevent you from being
accused of plagiarism!
More
information about the topic
You
can use a quotation but you must cite the source or otherwise, you will be
accused of plagiarism and will receive an “F” on the paper, “F” in the class, a
rescinding of college scholarships and even a rescinding of acceptance of the
school of your dreams, expulsion from college, or firing from your dream job.
Concluding
sentence which supplies a transition to the next section of your paper.
Concluding
paragraph:
One
sentence each to briefly describe each area of your research paper:
One
brief sentence to describe the origins
One
brief sentence to describe the family, allies, etc.
One
brief sentence to describe the power or influence of the god, hero, etc.
One
brief sentence regarding the one or two stories of the god, hero, etc.
One
brief sentence regarding the enduring importance of the god, hero, myth, or
legend.
How
to cite:
In-text
citations: Author-page style
MLA
format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the
author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or
paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should
appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the
sentence itself or in parentheses following the quotation or paraphrase, but
the page number(s) should always appear in the parentheses, not in the text of
your sentence.
For
example:
Wordsworth
stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of
powerful feelings" (263).
Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful
feelings" (Wordsworth 263).
Wordsworth
extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).
Tuesday, April 26th:
BIC
1st Period:
Students were told that most are lacking the Argos the Dog
essay, and the reading logs for “The Return of the Hero” and “Circe”. They were
told they need to turn those three things in today in order to pass the class this
grading period with a “C” or better.
Time Line for Students:
Should be finished with your five bibliography cards
Should be finished with your fifteen note cards for your
research paper
You should begin writing your first draft of your five to
seven paper research paper to turn in by Wednesday at 4 p.m.
3rd Period:
Same!
Wednesday, April 27th:
1st Period:
Work on the first draft of your research paper.
3rd Period:
Work on the first draft of your research paper.
-->
Thursday, April 28th:
BIC
1st Period:
Please finish writing your research paper today.
Helpful hints in writing your paper:
Capitalize the first word of each sentence.
Capitalize names
Every sentence must have a subject, a verb and express a
complete thought.
Avoid using more than one “and” in a sentence
If you are tempted to write that second “and” – don’t! Write
a period and begin a new sentence with a capital letter, a noun, a verb and
make sure that the new sentence expresses a complete thought.
Do not fuse sentences together! Put a period or a semi-colon
at the end of the first idea or thought; then begin the next sentence with a
capitalized word.
You can join two clauses together with a conjunction or
fanboy (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) or a conjunctive adverb (_________;
however, ____________. )
Conjunctive adverbs are:
;however,
; moreover,
;nevertheless,
Do not begin sentences with who, which, or that
Athena was daughter of Zeus and Metis, who according to one
of the legends was swallowed by
Zeus.
Period 3:
Review of sentence structure
Review of MLA format for research paper
Work on research paper
Research paper, bibliography cards and note card are due
today!
Friday, April 29th:
1st Period:
BIC
8:20 - 9:11
-->
Romeo and Juliet
Act 1
Page 735 – 744
ROMEO
and JULIET
ACT
ONE; SCENE 1
The
setting is a hot, steamy day (Sunday) in Verona in July.
Puns:
a pun is a play on words, or a joke using words that might have similar sounds
but different meanings. In the opening scene there are a lot of jokes and puns
where Gregory and Sampson are insulting each other good naturedly about their
courage, their fighting skills and their skill with the ladies.
Coals
Colliers:
people who carry coals.
When
you carry coals you get all dirty.
Choler:
(collar) a fever
Draw
your neck out of the collar: take your neck out of the hangman’s noose!
Maidenhead:
virginity
Maid
is a young unmarried woman.
Valiant:
Brave, courageous
To
move: to be moved with passion or emotion; but this has a double meaning: in
this case, to run away in fear!
A
lot of Romeo and Juliet is NAUGHTY!!!!!
SAMPSON
and GREGORY are servants of the house of Capulet. They are full of bluster and
brag about what great fighters they are and what they are going to do if they
run into the servants of the Montagues. And of course, their jokes quickly
become naughty and sexual.
And
of course, they do run into the servants of the rival house of the Montagues
and both sides engage in cowardly bluster.
Sampson:
"My naked weapon is out; quarrel, I will back thee!"
Sampson's
line has a rather naughty subtext which you can probably figure out. But
consider what Sampson is saying to Gregory - start the fight and I will back
you! These are two bumbling guys. Would you trust either of them to back
you in a fight?
Sampson
counsels: "Let us take the law of our sides; let them begin."
Gregory
brags: " I will frown as I pass by, and let them take it as they
list."
Sampson
counters with: "Nay, as they dare. I will bite my thumb at them; / Which
is a disgrace to them, if they bear it."
Biting
one's thumb at someone was a vulgar sign of disrespect and would definitely
start a fight.
Abraham
and Balthasar from the House of Montague enter, and Sampson, full of bravado,
bites his thumb at them.
Abraham
bristles and demands: "Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?"
Sampson,
playing the lawyer, answers: "I do bite my thumb, sir."
Abraham:"
Do you bite your thumb at us, sir?"
Sampson,
now not so certain, turns to his buddy and asks, " Is the law of (on) our
side, if I say ay (yes)?"
Gregory
gives an unequivocal "No!"
Sampson
immediately backpedals and answers: "No, sir, I do not bite my thumb at
you, sir, but I bite my thumb, sir."
The
tension quickly escalates, the four fools draw their swords - Sampson to
Gregory, "Gregory, remember thy swashing blow!" - and the servants
fall into fighting. Benvolio, Romeo's cousin and close friend, appears and when
he sees yet another street brawl is going on, immediately begs the men to put
up their swords, but then Tybalt, from the House of Capulet, shows up and
pulls out his sword and wades into the fight with gusto! This, in an
instant, reveals the personalities of the two men.
A
Little Historical Detour on Renaissance Medical Theory:
Lily
livered: coward
In
the 1600’s the medical community believed humors, which were basically four
fluids that were exuded from the organs, caused or affected personalities. The
four bodily humors were part of the Shakespearean cosmology inherited from the
ancient Greek philosophers Aristotle, Hippocrates and Galen. The human
personality contained one of the basic elements of earth, water, fire and air;
the qualities of hot, cold, moist and dry; and a predominance of one of the
four humors: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm and blood. Together, each
component created a person's personality and governed her or his behavior.
An
angry person was one whose spleen produced too much yellow bile (think acid
reflux) which caused him or her to be irritable and out of sorts. This person
was said to be choleric, which is a term used to this day to describe someone
who is irritable and grouchy.
A
melancholic person (or depressed person we would say today) would have too much
black bile produced by the spleen, making her or him sad or melancholic in
nature.
A
person whose blood produced a great quantity of fluids was easy going and
pleasant – or sanguine, which comes from the Latin word for blood. The sanguine
person was also marked by a healthy ruddy (reddish) complexion. In Spanish the
word for blood is sangre and in French, it is sang. Both French and Spanish are
Latin based languages.
Lily
livered: coward
It
was believed that courage came from a really healthy red liver. If your liver was
pale or white, that meant you were a coward; hence the term “lily livered” or
yellow bellied.
Back
to Story:
Shakespeare
named the character Benvolio to let us know that he is a good or beneficial
character in the play.
Benvolio:
Ben means good so Benvolio is a good and peace loving guy. He is Romeo’s best
friend. The prefix “bene” or “ben” means good or having good effects.
Examples:
Benevolent:
the giving of alms or sustenance to another.
Beneficial:
something good
Tybalt:
is the name of a cat in a story. In Shakespeare’s time, many people named their
cats “Tybalt”. So when Tybalt's name was pronounced on the stage in the 1500's,
it probably got a few chuckles from the audience.
Tyrant:
a despotic ruler
The
brawl is getting more and more out of control as more boys and young men climb
into the fray and more people gather to watch.
An
elderly man and his much younger wife appear. They are Lord and Lady
Capulet, Juliet's parents. He asks for a sword but she says he should have a
crutch instead!
Why
does Lady Capulet say to her husband: “Give him a crutch!”
Pair
up with a partner, go over the Prince’s speech and translated it into modern,
contemporary speech.
Pernicious:
a disease that devours and consumes; evil and destructive; a disease that is
long standing and resistant to treatment or modification; behavior that is
resistant to modification or discipline.
Imagery/metaphor:
Purple
fountains issuing from your veins: injuries resulting in tremendous blood loss
from sword fights.
Vocabulary:
Civil:
domestic; at home
Brawl:
fights; melees; free for alls.
Moved:
angry; moved to anger
Airy
word: some words spoken to provoke another
Thrice:
three times
Prince:
If
ever you disturb our streets again,
Your
lives will pay the forfeit of the peace.
If
you ever start another fight in the streets you will pay for it with your lives
(the state will execute you for starting a riot.)
Fray:
a brawl; a fight
Oxymoron:
a rhetorical figure is created by the placing of two contradictory words or
ideas together producing a new idea or concept. One example would be “freezer
burn”, or “Microsoft Works” (j/k).
After
the fighting has cleared away, the Montagues, Romeo's parents, speak to
Benvolio who recounts the events of the brawl to them:
Vocabulary:
Adversary:
foe, enemy
Drew:
to pull his sword from its sheath
Fiery:
having the quality of fire; passionate, enraged, quick to anger
Withal:
with
Benvolio
is making fun of Tybalt when he says:
"The
fiery Tybalt, with his sword prepared,
Which,
as he breathed defiance to my ears.
He
swung about his head and cut the winds,
Who
nothing hurt withal hissed him in scorn...."
Although
Tybalt was shouting insults to Benvolio and swinging his sword around his head,
cutting the air, he hurt no one and the wind hissed him in scorn. He was
making a big show of being tough, but despite all the noise he was making - the
insults, the fancy swordplay - he didn't hurt any one and the air mocked him
with hissing.
However,
the parents are more interested - and worried - about their son, Romeo, and ask
Benvolio to tell them if he knows what is bothering him. Benvolio tells
his parents that one morning when his mind was troubled, he went for a walk
through town an hour before dawn, and there he saw Romeo by the grove of
sycamore trees that grow on the west side of the city. When Romeo saw him he
ducked into the grove, obviously not wanting to socialize. Benvolio, judging
Romeo's behavior by how he (Benvolio) was feeling - Benvolio also wanted to be
alone - didn't pursue him. Benvolio says to Lady Capulet:
Benvolio
says to Lady Capulet:
Madam,
an hour before the worshiped sun
Peered
forth the golden window of the East
A
troubled mind drave me to walk abroad
Where,
underneath the grove of sycamore
That
westward rooteth from the city's side,
So
early walking did I see your son:
Towards
him I made, but he was ware of me
And
stole into the covert of the wood;
I,
measuring his affections by my own,
That
most are busied when they're most alone
Pursued
my humor not pursuing his,
And
gladly shunned who gladly fled from me."
Because
Benvolio, a well born youth, is discussing a delicate, rarified subject -
another well born youth's depression - to his mother, the language is in blank
verse (unrhymed verse in iambic pentameter). It was believed well into
the twentieth century, that the well born, or those of an intellectual,
artistic sensibility, were more prone to moods of depression. The
language used in this scene is refined, reflecting that belief that only those
of refined temperament could be depressed or melancholic; therefore, Benvolio
uses figurative language - allusion, personification and imagery - and blank
verse to speak with this aristocratic lady about her depressed son.
Benvolio's
monologues is rich with imagery for Shakespeare's word choice (diction) creates
vivid images in the readers' mind that she sees the golden sunrise, the early
dawn, the grove of sycamore trees.
Figurative
Language:
"An
hour before the worshipped sun
Peered
forth the golden window of the East..."
Personification:
giving human qualities to inanimate objects. The sun is peering through the
golden window of the east - or in other words, it's rising.
Vocabulary:
Drave:
old fashioned word for drove
Grove:
a small group of trees
Sycamore:
a type of tree
Romeo's
parents are very worried about their son. He's totally emo! He walks alone all
night and when the sun rises, he goes home, locks himself in his room, and
draws the curtain. Montague tells Benvolio, his nephew:
Vocabulary:
Augmenting:
to add to
Aurora:
Roman goddess of the dawn
Sounding:
sounded out for what is troubling him. The depths of the water are “sounded
out” to determine how deep the water is.
Montague's
monologue is also filled with rich imagery, allusion and personification:
"Many
a morning hath he there been seen,
With
tears augmenting the fresh morning dew (Romeo is crying.)
Adding
to clouds more clouds with his deep sighs: (Like all depressed people he sighs
a lot.)
But
all so soon as the all cheering sun
Should
in the furthest east begin to draw
The
shady curtains from Aurora's bed (The Roman goddess Aurora pulls the
curtains from her bed)
Away
from the light steals home my heavy son (Heavy means depressed.)
And
private in his chamber pens himself
(Locks himself alone in his room.)
Shuts
up his window, locks far daylight out (Draws
the curtains.)
And
makes himself an artificial night:
(Sits in darkness.)
If
he were a student today, he'd probably wear black nail polish and dress in
black.
The
parents ask Benvolio, his cousin and best friend, to find out what is bothering
their son.
Lord
Capulet is worried that Romeo may be destroyed by his depression before he can
grow to full manhood. He says about his son:
"As
is the bud bit with an envious worm
Ere
he can spread his sweet leaves to air
Or
dedicate his beauty to the sun."
This
is a simile for two things are compared using "as". Romeo is compared
to a flower bud and his depression is compared to an envious worm which will
destroy him before he can spread his sweet leaves to the sun.
Ere:
(pronounced like "air) Before
The
parents ask Benvolio, his cousin and best friend, to find out what is bothering
their son.
Romeo
is seen walking towards them, and the parents, wanting Benvolio to speak to
him, withdraw before he sees them.
When
Romeo sees that fighting has occurred he says that the fighting…”Has more to do
with love than hate….
They
hate each other but they love something else more…they love to FIGHT.
He
then launches into a series of OXYMORONS, which is a figure of speech that juxtaposes
(places two contrasting words next to each other ) that are contradictory. Some
examples are: "old news", "jumbo shrimp", "open
secret", etc.
Shakespeare
uses oxymorons to reveal a character's ambivalence and/or moral ambiguity about
a situation or another character. Romeo says when he notices the remnants of
the fight:
Romeo has no love for this street fighting. Romeo confesses
to Benvolio that the reason he is depressed is that he is in love with a girl
named Rosaline but the love is unrequited (she doesn't love him back).
Like
many people who suffer from unrequited love, Romeo implies that his beloved is
a follower of Diana (she doesn’t like guys) rather than she just doesn’t like
HIM.
Romeo's
monologue uses an extended hunting metaphor, which incorporates Cupid, the tiny
god of love, who hunts humans with his bow and arrow and once he shoots a human
the man or woman falls in love. In contrast to the tiny god of terror,
Cupid, there is Diana, the goddess of the moon, the hunt the stag, and
chastity. Chastity means purity; virginal; abstinence (not having sex).
Her followers were women who rejected the love of men. Romeo is
saying that Rosaline has wrapped herself in Diana's armor of chastity, and from
the weak childish arrows from Cupid's bow, she is protected.
"That
when she dies with beauty dies her story."
This
line refers to the concept of Carpe diem, which is Latin for "seize
the day". Until the twentieth century, people did not, as a rule, live
very long. Many children died before their second birthday and the few adults
who made it to forty were worn out and to our eyes, prematurely aged.
Therefore, poets and lovers of the 1600's urged their reluctant lovers to enjoy
life, for all too soon life will be over, and without children, they will
take their gifts to the grave and leave nothing of themselves - their beauty,
for example, behind.
Benvolio
suggests that the best way to get over an old love is to find a new love (“By
giving liberty unto thine eyes, Examine other beauties…”) but Romeo disagrees…
“Show
me a mistress that is passing fair; What doth her beauty serve but as a note /
Where I may read who passed that passing fair? Romeo takes his leave of
Benvolio, but his friend swears he will cure Romeo of his love sickness or die
trying.
Period
3:
Background for ROMEO and JULIET
Setting:
Hot Sunday afternoon in Verona, Italy
Sampson and Gregory are servants of the house of the
Capulets
Gang War between the Capulets and the Montagues
Benvolio: the cousin of Romeo; he is peace loving and hates
to fight; he tries to break up the fight
Tybalt: likes to fight; is of the house of the Capulets
Prince: tries to break up the fight
What is Benvolio trying to do when he encounters the brawl
between the servants of the Houses of Capulets and Montagues?
Benvolio is trying to break it up.
What does Tybalt hate?
Peace, Hell, Montagues, and thee – Benvolio
Lynn – points!!!!
But what does he so clearly love?
Fighting
Kristina – points
Why does Lady Capulet tell her husband he needs a crutch,
not a sword?
Because he is old!!!
Cooper – half a point
How many fights have there been so far between the Capulets
and the Montagues?
“Three civil brawls”
And what started the fights?
“Borne of an airy word” -
The Prince threatens to do what if there is another street
fight between the two houses?
“If every you disturb our streets again,
Your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace”
What are Romeo’s parents worried about?
According to Lord Capulet, what is Romeo doing?
What emotional state does Romeo say he is in?
Why is he in that emotional state?
What cure does Benvolio suggest for Romeo?
