Monday, January 22, 2018

January 22, 2018 - January 26, 2018 Weekly Agenda

Monday, January 22nd:

An introduction to the Odyssey
Read pages 640 – 643

The Iliad is the story of the Trojan War
Melancholy: (noun) a deep sadness; depression
Melancholic: (adjective) 
Alejandra is always in a state of melancholy whenever she is on a diet.
Alejandra is always melancholic when she is on a diet.
Hearth: a fireplace
Reviewed the Trojan War

Tuesday, January 23rd: 

Read The Odyssey, pages 643 – 647
The Ancient World and Ours
A Search for Their Places in Life – the theme of The Odyssey
The Odyssey begins “en media res” – which means in the middle of the action. Telemachus was born at the beginning of the Iliad. The Odyssey begins when Telemachus is twenty. The Odyssey  is about Odysseus’ attempts to return home after the Trojan War, which is told in flashback.  The part of The Odyssey which features Telemachus and the Odysseus on the isle of Calypso, the isle of Alcinous, and his return to Ithaca where he battles the suitors are in “real time”.
Relationships with the Gods
Odysseus is the cleverest and most intelligent of all humans and therefore, is the favorite of Athena, the gray-eyed goddess of wisdom.   
His nemesis or enemy is Poseidon, with whom he shares many of the same qualities of arrogance.  Poseidon could be said to be Odysseus’ alter-ego.

Wednesday, January 24th: 
Watched the Odyssey

Thursday, January 25th: 
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Set up the time line
Read “A Son Seeks a Father” 

Vocabulary: 
 Lizbeth:
Muses: nine goddesses who are the daughters of Zeus who preside over the arts and sciences:dance, music, poetry, theatre, history, geometry, etc.

David:

Valor: (Noun) great courage in the face of great danger, particularly in battle

Valiant: (adjective) brave 

Themes of The Odyssey:
A boy must struggle to become a man.
A soldier must struggle to return home from the war.
A king must struggle to reclaim his kingdom.
A woman must struggle to maintain her independence and dignity

Vocabulary:
Mentor: an older, more experienced person who helps and guides a younger or less experienced person.
Disperse: to break apart, to scatter
Sage: a wise person
Guile: trickery, slyness, cleverness used to attain something at another’s expense
Insolence: rudeness or lack of respect

Background story:
Athena, like all gods, could change her appearance at will. Here she is appearing as a wise older man named Mentor to help Telemachus deal with the rude insolent suitors who are over running his home.

One of the most important philosophies in ancient Greece was the relationship or ties between the host and the guest.

Summary: Athena disguises herself as Mentor, a wise older man, and goes to Penelope and Telemachus’s home, which is being over run by rude, disrespectful suitors.  Athena counsels Telemachus that he should procure a ship and set sail to the various warrior kings who journeyed with his father to Troy to find out any rumors or information about him. If there is proof that Odysseus is alive, then Telemachus should sail home and wait for a year for his return. If there is proof that Odysseus is dead, then Telemachus should sail home and prepare a burial ceremony for his father and give his mother to another man to marry.



Tuesday, January 16, 2018

January 17, 2018 - January 20, 2018

Tuesday, January 16th:
Trojan War Part 4
The Trojan Horse – Yessenia and Lizbeth
Vocabulary:
Julian, Trenton
Strategic: a smart way of playing or going through with something; a high-level plan for achieving an objective (goal) in uncertain conditions 
David
Siege: military operation surrounding a town, cutting off supplies to the town until the town is forced to surrender!
Yessenia
The Greeks had laid siege to the city of Troy for nine years.
What was the thing that had to happen before the war ended?
Both Hector and Achilles had to die.
How did Achilles die?
Alejandra:
Trenton, Yessenia, Taylor, Cierra
Achilles died by getting shot in his heel by Paris!!!!
Who helped Paris kill Achilles?
Lizbeth: Apollo guided Paris’ arrow to hit Achilles’ heel!
Readers:
Alejandra:
Vocabulary:
Yessenia, Milan, David
Dismantle:
To destroy, to disassemble
What is the Greek plan?
Milan: explained the Greek plan
The Greeks pretended to have left in the middle of the night. They had built a huge wooden horse in which many Greek soldiers were hidden. 
Vocabulary:
Milan
Oracle: a soothsayer, seer, a prophet, someone who can divine the thoughts of the gods, who can foretell the future or one’s fortune!
To appease: to do something to satisfy another person who has been offended

What is the Greek plan?
Milan: explained the Greek plan
The Greeks pretended to have left in the middle of the night. Before “sailing off” in their boats, the Greeks had built and left behind a huge wooden horse, in which many Greek soldiers were hidden. The Trojans were overjoyed when they saw that the Greek armies and their ships had left.  Then the Trojans saw a distraught Greek soldier wandering outside their walls.  The Greek soldier’s name was Sinon and he “had been left behind” as a “decoy”. The clever Greek Odysseus had created a story which Sinon, who had been ”left behind” by the Greeks, explained to the Trojans why the Greeks had sailed away and left behind a huge wooden horse.  Sinon told the Trojans the horse had been built to appease the goddess Athena and they were going to kill him as a blood offering to her, but he ran off and hid.

Vocabulary:
Exhilarated: to be in state of great happiness and excitement!
Trenton
Wrath: Rage, extreme anger

Wednesday, January 18th:

Vocabulary Unit 4
#1 - #10
1.     Annul:
Definition: to reduce to nothing; to make ineffective or inoperative; to declare something legally invalid or void.
Part of Speech: Verb
Word Origin: Old French/Late Latin
Synonyms: Cancel, abolish, invalidate, nullify
Antonyms: Validate, authorize, ratify
Write two original sentences using the vocabulary word
1.     The state attorney annulled the mayor’s plans to build a theme park.
2.     The judge annulled the couple’s marriage due to the fact the husband was already married.
Write one sentence in literature using the word annul.
The marriage was annulled by His Holiness.  Great Expectations by Charles Dickens.
Merriam-Webster dictionary is a good source to find sentences from a literary source using your vocabulary word 

Format:
Word
Definition
Write the part of speech
Write the word origin
Write three synonyms
Write at least two antonyms
Write two original sentences
Write a sentence from literature using the word. Cite the source

This will be due on Tuesday, January 23nd.

Grammar:
Holt Handbook; pages 99 – 100
The Clause: Independent and Subordinate Clause
Taylor, Yessenia
Clause: is a word group that contains a verb and its subject and is used as a sentence or as part of a sentence.
David
Subordinate clause: does not express a complete thought.
Page 100, Exercise 1, please do sentences 1 - 10.
Julian – reader
Directions:
Write the sentence and italicize that part of the sentence that is italicized in the book. Then identify the italicized part as either an independent or a subordinate clause.
Lizbeth – The cat drinks its milk. Independent
Trenton – When the burger is thick……Subordinate
Salamata – Once upon a time….Subordinate
Lizbeth – Flowers grow during spring time. Independent
Trenton – How to eat a hot dog…….Subordinate
Julian – Sometimes in life……Subordinate

This will be due on Friday, January 19th!!!!
Submit this to schoology!!!!!

Finished reading The Trojan War, part 4
Please write in your own words a brief summary of what you read.

Thursday, January 18th:  


Vocabulary Unit 4
2. Blasé
Definition
Part of Speech
Etymology (word origin)
Three Synonyms
Two Antonyms
Create Two Original Sentences!
Melany:
1.     Since a new smartphone comes out practically every month, Hank has become blasé about the new technology!
2.     After going on eight cruises, I have become blasé about the whole cruising experience – Lizbeth.
A sentence from literature using the vocabulary word

3. Bolster

4. Deplore

5. Frivolous



Monday, January 08, 2018

January 8, 2018 - January 12, 2018 Weekly Schedule

Monday, January 8th:
Went over the class syllabus
Read the first part of the Trojan War

Discussion

Tuesday, January 9th:  

Read The Trojan War; Part 1

Vocabulary: 
Suitor: a potential husband or boyfriend for a woman.
Quarrel: to argue loudly
Discord: unharmonious; clashing; harsh as in music or in personal interactions
Revelers: partyers


Comprehension 
Students acted out scene of  Eris and the wedding of Thetis and Peleus: the golden apple; the fight between the goddesses; Zeus refusing to judge; Paris the play boy choosing the winner of "Who's the Fairest of Them All?"

The wedding of Helen and Menelaus

The oath that all suitors must sign:

I,____________, if I am not chosen to be Helen’s husband, I promise to abide by King Tyndareus’ decision in his choice of Helen’s mate. I will support his decision and will go to war against any man who tries to take Helen away from her lawful husband.

Menelaus is chosen by King Tyndareus to be Helen's husband.  Menelaus’s older brother is Agammemnon, who is the general of all the Greek soldiers.

Discord: Disagreement between people.
A lack of harmony between people and notes in music.

Quarreling: to argue

Revelers: partyers

Wednesday, January 10th: 
Please bring your Vocabulary Workshop: Level C to class tomorrow.
Unit 4, #1 - 10 will be assigned. This will be due on Tuesday, January 16th. 

Read The Trojan War; Part 1

Vocabulary: 
Suitor: a potential husband or boyfriend for a woman.
Quarrel: to argue loudly
Discord: unharmonious; clashing; harsh as in music or in personal interactions
Revelers: partyers


Comprehension 
Students acted out scene of  Eris and the wedding of Thetis and Peleus: the golden apple; the fight between the goddesses; Zeus refusing to judge; Paris the play boy choosing the winner of "Who's the Fairest of Them All?"

The wedding of Helen and Menelaus

The oath that all suitors must sign:

I,____________, if I am not chosen to be Helen’s husband, I promise to abide by King Tyndareus’ decision in his choice of Helen’s mate. I will support his decision and will go to war against any man who tries to take Helen away from her lawful husband.

Menelaus is chosen by King Tyndareus to be Helen's husband.  Menelaus’s older brother is Agammemnon, who is the general of all the Greek soldiers.

Discord: Disagreement between people.
A lack of harmony between people and notes in music.

Quarreling: to argue

Revelers: partyers


How to Do the AR Reading Log: 

A minimum of five entries:
The date that you read
The page numbers:
Pages 28 - 64
Each entry should have a brief summary of what you have read. It should be approximately five lines.
A comment from you
A prediction on what you think is going to happen next.

Thursday, January 11th: 


Friday, January 12th:  


The Trojan War - Part 3
Alejandra – reader
Hephaestus

The Trojan War; Part 3
Reader – Adolfo
Box: to hit over the head
To jeer: to make a noise showing contempt or anger or dislike; to say things in a mean, disrespectful way.
Gallant: to be noble, to be gracious, and heroic
Valiant: brave and courage
Who helped Achilles fight Hector?
Hilaryd: Athena helped Achilles by giving him a fresh spear.
What other advantage did Achilles have over Hector?
Hector is wearing Achilles’ armor and Achilles knows that there is a hole in the throat of the armor.  Achilles drives his spear into Hector’s throat.
What was Hector’s request as he was dying?
Takai – Hector’s dying  request was that his body be returned to his parents.
What is Hades?
Cierra – Hades is the god of the dead; it is also the name of the land of the dead.
Achilles was still angry over the death of Patroclus and refused to give Hector’s body to his parents.
Alejandra – reader
The gods were offended over Achilles’ refusal to return their son’s body to his parents.
Vocabulary:
Appalled: to be disgusted
Nadiya
Suppliant: someone who is asking a king for a favor.
Trenton – reader














Monday, December 11, 2017

December 11, 2017 - December 15, 2017


Monday, December 11th: 

Using the Sojourner Truth speech, write your own speech modeled after  “Ain’t I a Woman”.  Write about something you feel passionate about. Think about the stereotypes people may have about you: adults may have about teens; teachers may have about students; males may have about young women; young women may have about young men.

People say that undocumented aliens take their jobs, that we are rapists, we are drug dealers.
My mother works long hard hours in the military.
She works long hard hours at the hospital.
She works long hard hours cooking.
She works long hard hours cleaning.
She works long hard hours taking care of the kids.  
She’s not a drug dealer. She’s not a killer.
And isn’t she a Latina?
Isn’t she an American?

My father works long hard hours at the post office.
My father works long hard hours cooking.
My father works long hard hours cleaning.
My father works long hard hours taking care of the kids.
And isn’t he an American? 

I spend long hard hours trying to learn so I can get a good job and live a good life.

Just because I am black doesn’t mean I……..
Just because I am latina doesn’t mean I……
Just because I am a teenager doesn’t mean I….
Just because I am a high school student doesn’t mean I….
But I am still……

I am from America. My ancestors didn’t come here from some place else.
I didn’t move here. The borders moved.

Adults say teenagers are lazy.  Adults say teenagers are not responsible.  Adults say that teenagers…..

Tomorrow, you need to have a rough draft of your speech.
By Wednesday, you need to have a final draft of your speech.
For extra credit, you will present it to the class.
In the next three minutes I want you to jot down some ideas for your speech.

Tuesday, December 12th: 
Tomorrow, Wednesday, December 13th, you need to turn in your final draft of How Did Edgar Allan Poe Die?”  This is due tomorrow at the beginning of class.

Please submit your notes for “Ain’t I a Woman?”
Please submit your speech modeled on “Ain’t I a Woman?”

Wednesday, December 13th: 
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Today this is what is due:
Your final draft of your persuasive essay on Edgar Allan Poe’s death
You are to incorporate my corrections on your introductory, three body paragraphs, and your final paragraphs in schoology.
You are to rewrite these paragraphs into a final draft and submit them in to the final draft assignment box in schoology. 

Today you are to turn in the following:
Your notes or reading log for “Ain’t I a Woman?”
Your questions over “Ain’t I a Woman?”
Your annotated notes on the paper “Ain’t I a Woman?”
Your  original “Ain’t I a Woman” speech – both on schoology and as a hard copy

Students presented their “Ain’t I a Woman?” speech to class



Monday, December 04, 2017

Pathos, Ethos, Logos/ Voices of the Civil War - Sojourner Truth

  1. What are the three elements advertisers use to sell their product?
2.   What is pathos? 

3.   Give an example of pathos in advertising. 

4.   What is ethos? 

5.    What are some of the elements of ethos? 

6.   Give three examples of ethos in advertising.

7.   What is logos? 

8.  Which is the most effective medium for using logos? 


"Voices of the Civil War" - Sojourner Truth 
(To be answered after viewing the video "Voices of the Civil War" - Sojourner Truth 
  1. What is an abolitionist? 
2.   Did all abolitionists believe that women should have equal rights with men? 

3.   Who was Isabella Bomefree? Who did she become? 

4.   What was her first language? 

5.   What did she decide to do at the age of forty six? 

6.   What does the word sojourner mean? 

7.  Why is the name Sojourner fitting for her? 

8.   What is Sojourner’s Truth’s most famous speech? 

9.   What was the occasion for the speech?

10.  What was the important issue being debated? 

Sojourner Truth - Ain't I a Woman? Questions


Question  Answer
What does Truth say about intellect in paragraph three? Do you agree? 

What moments do you find most compelling in advancing the speaker’s argument? Explain what makes them so compelling? 

Who is the speaker? What do we know? How do we know? 

How many children did Sojourner Truth have? 

List all the reasons Truth believes that women should have equal rights. 

What methods does Truth use to build and support her argument? 

Describe the structure of the speech. How is it appropriate for her purpose and audience? 

December 4, 2017 - December 8, 2017 Weekly Agenda


 Monday, December 4th:
Don’t forget the last paragraph of your essay:
The restated thesis statement
The three main facts you covered in your essay
A final summation of your conclusion based on your evidence

Submit your introductory paragraph to the introductory inbox on schoology.
Submit your first body paragraph to the first body paragraph inbox on schoology.
Submit your second body paragraph to the second body paragraph inbox on schoology.
Submit your third body paragraph to the third body paragraph inbox on schoology.
Finally, submit your concluding paragraph to the concluding paragraph inbox on
schoology.
This is your first draft.
I am going to correct your rough draft paragraphs.
Then you are going to correct the rough draft and submit your final draft in the final draft inbox.

The rough draft paragraphs are due tomorrow, December 5th.
The final draft will be due on Monday, December 11th.  Please submit your final draft to the final box inbox. 

Grammar: Kinds of Clauses

A clause is a group of words that contain a verb and its subject, and is a part of a sentence.
A subordinate clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone.

Elena is studying astronomy, and she wants to be an astronaut.  Use a conjunction!
Fanboys – for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Elena is studying astronomy; she wants to be an astronaut.
Elena is studying astronomy; however, she wants to be an astronaut.

Can the following stand alone?
If the fog lifts – No!
When the show begins – No!
Whom we have met before – No!
They need independent clauses to express a complete thought!

1.     Egypt is most likely where the first postal system developed. Subordinate
2.     Postal systems were developed because ancient governments needed to relay messages. Independent


Tuesday, December 5th:


Showed 9 minute documentary on Sojourner Truth’s “Ain’t I a Woman?”

Went over questions about the video

Discussion

Passed out “Ain’t I a Woman?”

Watched part of Cicily Tyson’s “Ain’t I a Woman?” 

Wednesday, December 6th: 
 The setting for Sojourner Truth’s “Ain’t I a Woman?” was 1851 in Akron, Ohio for the Women’s Conventions 
Watch Cicily Tyson perform Sojourner Truth's "Ain't I a Woman?" 

Students now analyze the text: 



What was the argument at the convention?

Women’s suffrage – or the right of women to vote!



Nadiya: One of the arguments used to oppose women’s right to vote was that women were not smart enough!



One of the main arguments against giving women the right to vote was that women had to be taken care of.

Alondra – Women were not strong enough and therefore could not and should not vote. 

What was Sojourner Truth’s counter argument against that?


A man was saying that women had to be helped into carriages.

A man was saying that women had to be lifted over ditches and mud puddles.

What was Sojourner Truth’s argument to that? 

Nobody helped her into a carriage or carried her over mud puddles – and ain’t she a woman?

Sojourner Truth showed her arms and her muscles to prove how strong she was; she got her strength and her muscles by plowing fields, which was considered men’s work -  tough hard labor. 

Thursday, December 7th:  

One man argued that women couldn’t have equal rights because Christ wasn’t a woman.

Sojourner Truth’s argument was:

Lizbeth L.: Christ was made from God and a woman – and man had nothing to do with it!



“Gathered into barns” – what does that mean?

Yessenia: she would harvest the fields and fill the barn with the harvest.



“And no man could head me?”  -

Hilaryd – no man could best her or out work her



“I could eat as much as a man – when I could get it!” Lizbeth L. – this implies that she didn’t always get enough food to eat.



“Bear the lash” – states that Sojourner Truth was beaten and bore the beating as well as any man.  “And ain’t I a woman?”



“I have borne thirteen children, and seen them most all sold off to slavery, and when I cried out with my mother’s grief, none but Jesus heard me! And ain’t I a woman?”

This proves that she was emotionally strong.



Intellect is intelligence.  The capacity of reasoning, understanding, and thinking. 

What does Sojourner Truth argue regarding women’s intelligence? 



If a man has a quart of smarts and a woman has a pint of smarts, then isn’t it mean for a man to “not to let me have my little measure-full.” Why am I not allowed to use my brains? Why am I denied an education to develop whatever intelligence I have?



If the first woman God ever made was strong enough to turn the world upside down – who is she speaking of?

Eve!

What did Eve do?

She wanted knowledge!!!!



Pathos has to do with emotion!

Watched a Sarah McLaughlin commercial for the ASPCA for emotional appeal. 

Friday, December 8th: 

Please finish and submit your rough draft paragraphs to the assignment boxes on schoology.
The final draft will be due on Tuesday.
The final will be your original speech based on Sojourner Truth’s “Ain’t I a Woman.”

Watched video showing overview of Pathos, Ethos, and Logos
Showed commercials depicting:
Pathos: ASPCA commercials
Logos: “How to Save Water”
Ethos: Lebron James and Nike

Discussion
 Pathos is an argument that appeals to feelings or emotions
Logos is an argument that appeals to logic
Because it is using evidence, charts, graphs, etc.
Ethos is an argument that persuades by the character and credibility of the speaker

 








 











 


3.      

Monday, November 27, 2017

November 27, 2017 - December 1, 2017 Weekly Agenda

Monday, November 27th:
Ms. Payne talked to class about their graduation requirements.
Test tomorrow for those who missed the Edgar Allan Poe Test
Tomorrow begin working on the persuasive essay on how Poe died.

Tuesday, November 28th: 

Make-up test on The Cask of Amontillado
The Persuasive Essay on How Edgar Allan Poe Die

Introductory Paragraph:
Thesis Statement
Your hook
Three points or subjects that you are going to cover in your paper.
The last sentence acts as a transition to the next paragraph

Thesis Statement:
It has to have a thesis! A thesis is your theory or your argument about the subject.
Example:
Edgar Allan lived a life of mystery, but nothing is more mysterious than how he died. There are many theories regarding how Poe died, but the overwhelming evidence suggests that he died of a combination of alcoholism and exposure.

There are many theories regarding how Poe died, but there is now new compelling evidence that Poe died, not from alcoholism, as so many people thought, but of encephalitic rabies.

Melany:
Edgar Allan Poe wrote of mysterious things, and mysterious was the life he led, but the most mysterious part was how he became dead – by alcohol or by a rabid animal’s bite. The evidence strongly suggests he died from alcoholism.

Julian:
The plentiful amount of evidence of Poe’s death is overwhelming; however, the evidence strongly suggests he died from alcoholism.

Thesis Statement:
Topic + Your Position on the Topic = Thesis Statement

The thesis statement is anywhere in the first paragraph and restated in the final paragraph!

Write a grabber that makes someone want to read your paper.
A grabber is a hook  or an interesting fact or anecdote that makes the reader want to read your paper.

The next part of the introductory paragraph should include the three major topics or issues the paper will cover.

 Write the three ideas or evidence that your research paper will cover. 

Wednesday, November 29th: 
Passed out and went over the rubric for the persuasive essay on how Poe died.
Working on the first and second paragraph of the essay: 
Questions:

Position of the writer – what does that mean?
The writer is you!!!!!
You are the writer!!!!
What does the word position mean?
What is your conclusion based on the facts and the evidence that you have analyzed? 

Interesting factoid you can  use in your paper, courtesy of Yessenia:
Yessenia: There was something called “cooping” in the 19th century, in which one group jumps a person to force him to vote a certain way. There is a theory that perhaps Edgar Allan Poe was “cooped” or jumped!

Please write a rough draft of the introductory paragraph for your persuasive essay on how Edgar Allan Poe died.
Remember, in the first paragaph you need:
 a thesis statement
a grabber: an interesting anecdote or an interesting fact
three main ideas you are going to cover in the paper
final sentence that will transition to the first body paragraph

The articles can be found on pages 184, 187, 189, and 190.

How to do the body paragraph:
 Body Paragraph
The mini-topic sentence which lets us know what the paragraph is going to be about.
The next two lines develops the mini-topic sentence
The introduction of evidence to support the thesis statement
Discussion, comments, or analysis of the evidence
Transition sentence to the next paragraph

For tonight, work on the rough draft of your introductory and first body paragraph of your paper.

Thursday, November 30th: 
In auditorium today
Please work on the grammar handout: "Kinds of Clauses"; exercise 1
Please write out the sentences and underline the independent clause and circle the subordinate clause.
This will be due at the end of the period.

Work on your persuasive essay.

Friday, December 1st: 
Went over the final concluding paragraph
Work on the essay in class.
The essay will be due on Tuesday, December 5th.

--> -->
Come see The Servant of Two Masters
Friday and Saturday at 7 p.m.
Sunday at 2 p.m.
$2 for students with id
For extra credit have your ticket signed by me or an adult
Then I will give you a form that you will fill out about the play.
You will receive fifty points in extra credit!!!!

The grammar handout, Subordinate and Independent Clauses, will be due on Tuesday, December 5th.
You are to write out the sentences and underline that part of the sentence that is independent, and circle that part of the sentence that is subordinate. 

Introductory Paragraph:
Julian: Thesis statement  -
Diego and Lizbeth: Thesis statement can be anywhere in the first paragraph
David: a grabber, something that captures the reader’s attention
Alondra: three topics that you are going to discuss in the body paragraphs
Melany: the final sentence is a transition

Body Paragraph:
(We need three body paragraphs in this paper)
David: mini-topic sentence
Julian: We need a couple of sentences to develop the mini-topic sentence
Milan: We need evidence to support your thesis
We get the evidence from the articles
You need to discuss, comment on, analyze, or explain the evidence you are using.
You need a transition sentence to move to the next paragraph.

Concluding paragraph
You need to restate your thesis statement.
You need to briefly go over the main points stated in your persuasive paper.
Then you need to sum up your conclusion based on your evidence.

Do not use new information
Do not use quotations
Do not cite new evidence
Do not write in conclusion

Do not use personal pronouns like “I” or “you”.
Do not write “My essay is going to be about……”
Do not call Edgar Allan Poe “Ed” or “Eddie”